Sim the tiny computer in a pocket

Hey guys, Here is the new information for you your simcard in your pocket is a damn tiny CPU lets check it out.

The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) was first introduced by the GSMA in 1987 in a farsighted move to ensure that a mobile subscriber on a GSM cellular network could maintain an identity on the network independant of a particular mobile device.

While its visibility has decreased over time, the humble SIM has been an essential part of mobile devices ever since. Today, thirty years after the GSM standard was published, you might be forgiven for forgetting about them entirely—they work so well that it’s easy to overlook their existence. Nano SIMs are so small that they barely qualify as being consumer-accessible anymore and devices such as Amazon’s Kindle and connected cars don’t even bother to make them user-accessible at all.

But regardless of the physical form, SIM's have withstood the test of time and are here for the foreseeable future. About five billion of them are produced every year, so it’s worth taking a look at exactly what they are, especially given that some of their abilities are quite surprising.

                                          The small but controlling type

Did you know, for example, that a SIM can run apps and communicate over the mobile network entirely independently of the host phone? Or that the SIM is arguably more in control of the phone baseband than the phone’s “main” operating system? Or that SIMs can support TCP/IP and run a web server? Read on!

>>History

As mentioned in the introduction, the SIM was part of the GSM standard since the very beginning.

Over the intervening years much has changed. The most obvious change that has taken place is the physical form of the cards themselves from a credit-card sized object, or Full-size SIM, all the way down to a nano-SIM, over forty times smaller.

                                    Standard SIM sizes (image from Cvdr based on Justin                                              Ormont’s work, CC BY-SA 3.0)

The four SIM sizes are:

• full-size—the size of a credit card, or 85.60 × 53.98 × 0.76 mm
• mini—the first “normal” SIM card and the most popular format for much of the history of GSM
• micro—an attempt to reduced the size of the mini SIM, quickly obsoleted by the nano SIM
• nano—today’s standard size, the smallest possible SIM that retains the same contact pads of the original specification.  12.3 × 8.8 × 0.67 mm

Thoughtfully, the size specification for the Nano SIM is fractionally thinner as well as shorter and narrower than all of the predecessors, allowing it to be placed in a fully enclosing adaptor to fit the bigger size slots.

In addition to physical changes, SIMs have changed their operating voltages over the years. The three supported operating voltages for SIM cards are 5 V, 3 V and 1.8 V. The operating voltage of the majority of SIM cards launched before 1998 was 5 V. Subsequently produced SIM cards are compatible with 3 V and 5 V. Modern cards support 5 V, 3 V and 1.8 V.

It’s a testament to the GSM that its design has stood the test of time in the face of the extraordinary changes in the surrounding landscape. A contemporary SIM card will still work in a decade-old device.

The SIM is not unique to GSM networks—other cellular telephony standards have copied the approach e.g. R-UIMs for cdmaOne/CDMA2000 and Iridium. CMDA2000 and cdmaOne were a set cellular standards that competed with GSM; Iridium is an ambitious satellite phone system launched in 1998, and still in use today, primarily by military customers.

>>SIM capabilities and roles

We tend to think of the SIM as being merely an ID card of sorts, a physical packaging of a subscriber ID, but there is a lot more to them than this.

The vast majority of SIMs today are in fact Universal Integrated Circuit Cards (UICC) that implement Oracle’s Java Card standard, a smart card specification. As such, SIMs are complete computing platforms with a CPU, RAM, persistent storage and connectivity that can run specially targeted apps coded in Java.

The core duty of SIMs is to authenticate the mobile device with the network (and not, notably, the other way around). What we think of as subscriber IDs on the SIM are in fact applications, run on demand by the onboard CPU. A SIM might have any of the following identity applications on it, depending on operator requirements:

• GSM / SIM – used by GSM networks
• CSIM – used in CDMA2000 networks
• USIM – used in UMTS 3G/4G Networks.
• ISIM – The IP multimedia Services Identity Module (ISIM) application might be found on modern cards for 3G/LTE which are based on GlobalPlatform version 3

For the particular case of GSM, the card contains the unique subscriber number (IMSI, International Mobile Subscriber Identity), the secret authentication key and other properties used to authenticate to the network and uniquely identify the card’s owner.

In addition to this core duty SIMs have many additional capabilities. Initially these capabilities were centered around network connectivity. As an example, the SIM stores a list of mobile network codes (MNCs) for preferred mobile operators, used when roaming out of the home network, conferring an affinity for certain networks to your device.

SIMs can store contact details and SMS messages but this feature is of less interest today as phones are increasingly backed up remotely and it’s ever-easier to transfer data such as contacts and messages between them when upgrading.

>>SIM Toolkit

The SIM Toolkit (STK) standard was developed by operators to facilitate the provisioning of value added services to mobile subscribers. This represented a significant shift in the role of the SIM from its quiet background authentication duties to that of hosting user-visible applications. These applications are used to implement user features such as prepaid balance queries, money transfer (M-Pesa) and call-fowarding set up.

                                          SIM Toolkit apps from Vodafone

On iOS you can find these apps listed in Settings | Phone | Sim Applications. On Android there is usually an icon that launches the menu of SIM apps in the main applications drawer.

                             STK app menu on iOS     STK  app menu on Android

Modern smartphone apps offer a far richer user experience than SIM apps so these have largely fallen out of use except in territories where smartphones are less prevalent.

Historically smartcards operated by responding to queries from the handset but in addition to exposing user-visible apps, the SIM Toolkit standard also expanded the role of the SIM by allowing it to request services of the handset. The following services are supported:

• Send an SMS/MMS message
• Initiate a call
• Display a message on handset screen
• Display a menu on handset screen
• Query handset features
• Send USSD message
• Send DTMF sound
• Launch browser
• Open TCP/IP communications channel
• Allow/disallow calls

These relatively simple capabilities are sufficient to build a wide variety of applications.

SIMs can run both user-visible and background applications. Of the two, background applications are perhaps more interesting in today’s environment. SIM background applications are based on requesting notifications for events that take place on the host handset. These applications are normally dormant and activated in response to events on the host device. The UICC standard requires the following events to be supported:

• MT Call event (incoming call)
• Call Connected event
• Call Disconnected event
• Location Status event
• User Activity event
• Idle Screen Available event
• Language Selection Status event
• Browser Termination event
• Data Available event
• Channel Status event
• HCI Connectivity event (in case of NFC device)
• Access Technology Change event
• Network Search Mode Change event

This set of event notifications confers significant power to the humble SIM. With applications set up to respond to these event notifications SIMs can react to essentially every meaningful event that takes place on the host device. As an example, a SIM-based QoS application installed by an operator can respond to every call disconnect event and send an SMS to the operator with key information such as cell ID, signal strength and call duration.

The LTE guidelines for UICC implementors lists additional requirements such as a Geographical Location Request, requiring the device to “send geographical GPS information to the UICC providing the device has this capability”.

As a side note, it doesn’t take much imagination to see how useful these capabilities could be to spy agencies, particularly given their cross-platform nature, invisible operation and silent remote installation capability. You can’t see what your SIM is doing, nor can you control it.

>>SIM & handset interaction

In order to perform its core function a SIM clearly needs to be able to communicate with its host device. This is achieved with a serial communication protocol defined by ISO 7819, a smart card standard. There are four protocols in use to transfer data:

• TPDU (transmission protocol data unit)
 This is the base smart card standard protocol for sending and receiving data over the serial connection. A modern SIM supports four or more ongoing transactions at one time, these are managed by channels
• APDU (application protocol data unit)
 APDU is a transactional higher level protocol which piggybacks on-top of TPDU to save space (not following the OSI layered style). Normally a smart card is a slave unit, here meaning it is the mobile device that sends commands to the SIM. But the SIM cards are highly active entities so a scheme was implemented to work around this limitation called proactive commands. Basically the handset polls the SIM regularly and the SIM then responds with what, if anything, it wants to be done. The handset processes the request and makes a transaction back to the SIM telling it the result. This can be made asynchronously.
• JCRMI (Java Card RMI)
 RMI calls can be made from a Java based host (client) to the smart card (server). The RMI data is encapsulated inside APDU commands.
• Web Services (Java Card 3 and later only)
 Java Card 3 introduces modern SOAP/REST style communication over TCP/IP which makes life much easier for developers.

>>Smart card web server

One particularly interesting capability of SIM cards is the SIMalliance’s Smart Card Web Server (SCWS) project, standardised by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). This set of standards specifies a HTTP 1.1 web server capability for SIM cards, allowing them to host cross-platform web applications directly from the card itself. Both dynamic and static web pages are possible and the underlying OTA update capability of SIMs means that applications could be updated by the operator over time.

Ultimately this technology didn’t gain much traction, with scarcely a mention of it since about 2009, probably due to the explosion of native apps that started around the time that the technology was introduced. It nonetheless makes for a tantalizing vision of an alternate reality with offline-capable web apps, remotely updateable, without today’s native app silos.

>>OTA provisioning

Most modern SIM cards and phones allow for secure OTA downloading and upgrading of SIM applications. In fact the entire SIM card is effectively remotely managed by the operator. There is much thought and planning behind this since it is vital to ensure that the target SIMs have adequate storage, support the new updates and so on. It is interesting to note that the GSMA had anticipated the need for remote management a very long time ago, a salutory reminder to today’s manufacturers of connected devices which have been co-opted into launching DDOS attacks, with no means to update them once they have left the factory.

Application and configuration updates can be pushed silently to the SIM card by the mobile operator and, as with most things related to the SIM, the consumer nor the “main” phone OS is none the wiser.

>>Security

Given the power bestowed onto SIMs, security is very important. Unlike many more recently released connected devices, security has been given much consideration by the standards bodies involved. In effect, SIM security is set up to ensure that only the card issuer can load apps onto the cards.

That said, much of the GSM standards was done literally decades ago and in the meantime the march of technology has been chipping away at the assumptions made. As an example, the GSM standard insists that the handset authenticates with the network, but makes no such demands of the network since it was assumed that only a mobile operator would have the wherewithal to operate a cell tower. Fake base stations are now common and well within reach of individuals. Equally, the DES encryption algorithm initially used is now considered obsolete—advances in computing power mean that it can be brute forced fairly readily.

>>Relevance for web & app developers

For native app and web app developers, SIM-based applications present a challenging prospect. SIM application development requires knowledge of a much more esoteric set of skills than developers are accustomed to. Developers must know the extremely restricted Java Card intimately and be comfortable with the severely limited resources available on the SIM. Testing and deployment are also far more difficult because mobile operators are necessarily involved in any public deployment and there are barriers to be crossed. Tooling is generations behind the state of the art and online documentation is very thin indeed.

That said, SIM applications are extremely powerful tools given their vast reach and low-level access to the device’s hardware. They are not limited to smartphones and can be deployed silently to millions of phones without any user interaction. This means that they lend themselves well to applications such as quality-of-service measurement where operators need information about dropped calls, signal strength and so on, regardless of phone type and without having to interrupt normal user flows.

>>Future

We are accustomed to the SIM being a physical object. That looks set to change in the near future with the advent of the eSIM standard. In an era when consumers expect to be able to take underwater selfies, device manufactures are keen to rid themselves of the requirement to remove a significant opening in the device case, particularly one that requires a tiny, difficult-to-seal drawer. Thus it seems inevitable that the physical SIM will eventually relent to pressure and be subsumed into the host device.

First let’s dispel a myth. The ‘e’ in eSIM is often assumed to mean “electronic” giving rise to qualms about loosing the ability to separate a subscribers identity from a device. In fact the ‘e’ in eSIM stands for embedded: the eSIM is really just a normal SIM that happens to be directly embedded into the phone. It is still a distinct physical entity, isolated from the rest of the phone and retains all of its existing features.

One other aspect worth considering is whether SIM cards can be co-opted into DDOS duty by malefactors. Karl Koscher and Eric Butler mentioned this idea in their DEF CON 21 talk. SIMs are the perfect vector for a DDOS attack since neither the user nor the phone operating system will have any idea of what’s going on, nor any ability to do anything about it.

Is it possible? Yes. Fake mobile cells (Stingrays) are already in widespread use by law enforcement and spy agencies. Hacker versions of the same thing are readily implementable for just hundreds of dollars, an unimaginable prospect in the early days of GSM. So communicating with the device in question is eminently doable. The remaining hurdle is ensuring that the applications are accepted by the target SIMs, which requires working with the encryption mechanisms that are in place. Unfortunately, the 70s-era DES cipher that is still in use by some operators is crackable within days using FPGA clusters, and far faster if rainbow tables are available. This means that a malefactor can send correctly-signed Java applets to SIMs relatively easily, and these apps can do anything outlined above e.g. sending messages and making calls. This bad situation is compounded by the fact that the Java security fences that are supposed to prevent apps accessing the other elements of the SIM are known to be defective on some cards, potentially allowing SIM card cloning and accessing other credentials.

Perhaps the only reason that we haven’t seen anything like this happening yet is that the skills required are still fairly esoteric and getting access to a large number of devices is relatively difficult compared with other current malware techniques. The best mitigation will be a move to stronger encryption standards on SIMs.

>>Further reading

The following are some of the better pages and documents I found while researching this article.

• An introduction to SIM card application development—a very comprehensive introduction to SIMs and how to write applications for them by Peter Edsbäcker
• SIM Toolkit In Practice—another very detailed and technical overview of SIM technology and SIM Toolkit in particular, by Sjors Gielen
• UICC Device Implementation Guidelines—UICC reference from the SIMalliance
• SIM Card Web Service specification—another reference from the SIMalliance
• The Blackbox in Your Phone—deep technical details on the hardware and software of the SIM from a CCC Camp presentation in 2011 by “Hunz”.
• simhacks.github.io—repository of SIM tools and guides

Thank you, for reading and stay tuned for more information till then Enjoy life

Avengers-End game

We all are awaiting for the marvel's end game and look what it brings to viewers and marvel fan's:

Hey guys we all like to watch a film, and love film who has to be continued in two or three parts because it got interest, emotions, suspense, and of course action, action comes in marvel production is very well defined and audience are gonna bounce on their seats while watching marvel's production movie.

I am always been a fan of marvel studios, i feel sad a bit when sir. Stan lee passes but anyways marvel is doing best to entertain their audience it in its own special way.

here is the mindblowing trailer of movie avengers END GAME 

The thanos is very strong but the avengers would make thanos die.

“Part of the journey is the end.”

Over the past eleven years, the Marvel Cinematic Universe has been weaving a narrative spread across twenty-two films. Each film telling a story and creating emotional connections with Marvel superheroes, and at the end of the credits, leading us all forward until the next piece in this massive tapestry. As the artist of these stories, Kevin Feige has been leading the charge, each movie growing this world and tying into one another on a grand scale. It all began at the end of the first Iron Man film, where a post credit scene showed Samuel Jackson playing Nick Fury, talking to Tony Stark about a new team, what would become the Avengers. Through the next series of films, it all lead to the coming together and forming the team, and at the end of the film, a purple man smiled at the screen.

Thanos was coming.

Comic book readers knew that this was probably leading to the events of the classic Marvel story, Infinity Gauntlet. As the films progressed, infinity stones were an increasing McGuffin of many stories. With the premier of Avengers: Endgame, this eleven-year story came to an end. The film is a masterpiece, tying up loose ends and completing a saga that had fans glued to every Marvel movie that came out. While the movie may not have fulfilled the numerous theories that were floating around for the past year since Avengers: Infinity War, the film was a powerful end to a massive epic.
The short review, see this movie. It is a fantastic end to a story that has been in the years forming, while at the same time, leaving the door open for the next chapters for our heroes.
If you have been keeping up with these films, I don’t really have to convince you to see it. The thing I want to focus on today, is how this film nailed the landing to this story.
I’ve talked about this on my reviews before, your film can be artistic, filled with massive amounts of stars, be an epic spectacle, but if the story falls flat, your movie suffers.
This movie focuses on the story, and because of this, it succeeds. If you want spoilers or a breakdown of what will come next, there will be another article where I will talk about that later, but now, I want to talk about the story.

In Marvel comics, some of the best stories are massive events where heroes come together to face a challenge. The way this works is because there is a library of character breakdowns and growth that don’t need to be fleshed out in the event, you go into it knowing the characters and how they work. With Endgame, we have the same idea, there have been plenty of films to flesh out character development, so when it comes to an epic like this, we don’t lose time dealing with who is Captain America or Iron Man, we already know them and their struggle.
The film rewards viewers of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, by calling back to character moments and struggle, and the films that came before. I enjoyed how much of these films were referenced in some way or another, even films that were not as well received like Thor: The Dark World or Iron Man 2. The film also doesn’t lose itself in the amount of characters, it chooses not to focus on some characters, but mainly revolves around the original six Avengers. That’s not to say others don’t play a role, but the film doesn’t lose sight of the story it is crafting. Anthony and Joe Russo direct the film in a strong way, pulling the best out of the actors and creating a world that lives in the wake of the Thanos “snap.” They deal with trauma of our heroes and the dire nature of “what do we do now.” It begins with that and ends on such a fantastic note of growth.
I think that is the biggest strength of this film; growth. Every character grows through the events that occur and we rally behind our heroes in their darkest hour. There are moments that, in the theater setting, made people laugh, cry, gasp, and cheer with applause. It closed out the story that took eleven years to tell in one final powerful story.
As a fan of Marvel comics, growing up reading Doctor Strange, Spider-Man, and events like The Infinity Gauntlet; I was overjoyed by these past eleven years of storytelling. Watching this movie with my wife being able to see the epic conclusion, it was so exciting to see how, when story is kept strong and at the forefront, you can make something amazing.
I’m excited to see this movie again and again, and look back at the years that led up to this powerful story.

I request the viewers of this movie to not see the piracy print of the movie because this kind of movie are not meant to be display again and again so please if you wanna enjoy full movie you watch it in your nearest cinema hall.

WHAT EVER IT TAKES!!!

here is the link for indian audience likely to watch avengers endgame in india

Thank you to read, do comments and stay tuned for amazing blogs and facts..........

Apple's iOS 12.0.1 Software Update Causing New Issues: Report

Apple released iOS 12.0.1 as a software update with bug fixes for user complaints regarding their devices not getting charged when connected to a lightning cable, not displaying subtitles in video apps and making Bluetooth unavailable.

Even though Apple's first update to iOS 12 has cured the iPhone charging problem, iOS version 12.0.1 is causing users to complain about frequently broken calls, network and signal connectivity problems and battery life issues, the media reported.

 










"Since upgrading, owners of both new and old iPhones are finding their phones either don't make or receive calls. Bluetooth connectivity, Wi-Fi and battery-related issues are again surfacing on an iOS generation which Apple has promoted as being all about efficiency, stability and speed," Forbes reported on Friday.The iPhone-maker released iOS 12.0.1 as a software update with bug fixes for user complaints regarding their devices not getting charged when connected to a lightning cable, not displaying subtitles in video apps and making Bluetooth unavailable.Apple has also reportedly addressed the users regarding their complaints about iMessage delivering personal messages to wrong and multiple people since the roll out of iOS 12.

 

 

"Apple has been telling users that iMessage accidentally sending messages to wrong people is actually a feature for iOS 12 and that it is happening because Apple is now organising all contacts by Apple ID, so if family members or friends share an ID now all these messages are shared simultaneously with everyone who has that ID," the report added. The iPhone-maker had also recently released a minor update for the WatchOS 5 to fix the charging issue and activity-related problems that some users noted. 

Apple officially introduced its 2018 line-up of iPhones and Apple Watch at an event in California earlier in September.

Facebook hack update: Nearly 30 million users' data stolen. How to find out if you're one of them

Facebook found no theft of highly personal messages or financial data, and saw no use of Facebook logins to access other websites, all of which would have been cause for greater concern.

Facebook Inc said on Friday that attackers in the mass security breach it announced late last month accessed the accounts of about 30 million people in total and stole name and contact details for 29 million.

Facebook found no theft of highly personal messages or financial data, and saw no use of Facebook logins to access other websites, all of which would have been cause for greater concern. Instead, stolen data on 14 million users included birthdate's, employers, education and lists of friends.

All of those could help a fraudster pose as Facebook, the employer or a friend. They could then craft a more sophisticated email aimed at tricking users into providing login information on a fake page or into clicking on an attachment that would infect their computers.

"We're cooperating with the FBI, which is actively investigating and asked us not to discuss who may be behind this attack," Facebook said in a blog post.

The social network said in late September that hackers stole digital login codes allowing them to take over nearly 50 million user accounts in its worst security breach ever, but did not confirm if information had actually been stolen.

Facebook's latest vulnerability has existed since July 2017, but the company first identified it in mid-September after spotting a fairly large increase in use of its "view as" privacy feature. It determined that it was an attack on September 25.

"Within two days, we closed the vulnerability, stopped the attack, and secured people's accounts by restoring the access tokens for people who were potentially exposed," Facebook said.

The "view as" feature allows users to check their privacy settings by giving them a glimpse of what their profile looks like to others. But a trio of errors in Facebook's software enabled someone accessing the feature to post and browse from Facebook accounts of other users.

Facebook shares fell 2.6 per cent after the breach was announced last month, and they were down more than 1 per cent following the updated disclosures on Friday.

SOLID

Hi, have you ever heard about a thing that is changing forever"INTERNET"!!!!,yes the internet is changing for ever by Prof.Tim Berners Lee,Solid is an exciting new project led by Prof. Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, taking place at MIT. The project aims to radically change the way Web applications work today, resulting in true data ownership as well as improved privacy.

 

What’s happening now?

The success of the Solid project has led to some new exciting developments to help it gain broad worldwide adoption.

Inrupt

We are pleased to note that a new start-up, inrupt, Inc, will be putting its own effort into the Solid open source technology and the Solid movement.

Inrupt is building a commercial ecosystem to fuel Solid’s success and protect the integrity of the next phase of the web. Its mission is to restore rightful ownership of data back to every web user and unleash a new wave of innovation - for developers, for business, for everyone.

Read Tim's open letter to the community about Solid and Inrupt.

Solid Community Site:

The best resource for all things Solid is now
the Solid Community Site, supported by Inrupt.

There you will find regular community updates,
a wealth of developer resources and documentation,
 and general information about how Solid works.

Lets have a look what tim

says about there future

internet!!!

Two decades after Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989,
he outlined the design issues of what later became
the Solid project in drafts he wrote for the World Wide Web Consortium., Berners-Lee becameincreasingly dismayed at seeing his invention being abused, such as when Russian hackers allegedly interfered with the 2016 US elections, when the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal became public, when Facebook in 2012 conducted psychological experiments on nearly 700,000 users in secret, and when Google and Amazon applied for patents on devices that listen for emotional changesin human voices.

Berners-Lee felt that the internet was in need of repair and conceived
the Solid project as a first step to fix it, as a way to give individual
users full control over usage of their data.The Solid project is
available to anyone to join and contribute, although Berners-Lee
advises that people without coding skills should instead advocate publicly for changing the internet.

In 2015, MIT received a gift from Mastercard to support the development of Solid.

Berners-Lee's research team collaborated with the Qatar Computing Research Institute and Oxford University on Solid. In 2018, Berners-Lee launched a commercial venture based on Solid, named Inrupt.

There are a number of technical challenges to be surmounted to accomplish decentralizing the web.Applications and data must be kept separate, allowing people to store personal data where they want. Authentication must correctly identify the data owner while ensuring the privacy of identities. Rather than using centralized
spoke–hub distribution paradigm, decentralized peer-to-peer networking should be implemented in a manner that adds more control and performance features than traditional peer-to-peer networks such as BitTorrent. Finally, the system must be
easy to use, fast, and allow for simple creation of applications by developers.

Solid's central focus is to enable the discovery and sharing of information in a way that preserves privacy. A user stores personal data in "pods"(personal online data stores) hosted wherever the user desires. Applications that are authenticated by Solid are allowed to request data if the user has given the application permission.

A user may distribute personal information among several pods; for example, different pods might contain personal profile data, contact information, financial information, health, travel plans, or other information. The user could then join an authenticated social-networking application by giving it permission to access appropriate information in a specific pod. The user retains complete ownership and control of data in the user's pods: what data each pod contains, where each pod is stored, and which applications have permission to use the data.

For more detail, Solid consists of the following components:

1... An organized collection of standards and data formats/vocabularies providing thesame capabilities that centralized social media services offer,such as identity, authentication, login, permission lists,contact management, messaging, feed subscriptions, comments, discussions,and others.

2..Specifications and design notes describing a REST API to extend existing standards,to guide developers building servers or applications.

3.... Servers that implement the Solid specification.

4... A test suite for testing and validating Solid implementations.

5... An ecosystem of social applications, identity providers, and helper libraries that run on the Solid platform.

6... A community providing documentation, discussion, tutorials, and presentations.

How interesting is this for more stuffs and ofciurse knowledge stay seeing my blogs.

Thank you and you take care of your self and be innovative.